Accounting

-Liabilities many take many forms. if the owner of a business has to borrow money and promises orally to pay back the obligation, this obligation is known to the borrower as an account payable and to the lender as an account receivable. if the promise made takes the form of a written document, such as an IOU OR a promissory note, then the obligation is known as a note payable to the borrower and a note receivable to the lender. Regardless of the form that the actual obligation takes, its placement in the accounting equation remains the same. Let's assume the following information.  

Role and importance of human resources

source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/higher/business_management/human_resource_management/role_importance_human_resources/revision/1/

Human Resources (HR) is concerned with the issues of managing people in the organisation.

The Human Resources department is responsible for many people related issues in an organisation.
Under the HR department’s remit are the following roles:

• The process of recruiting suitable candidates for the organisation
• Identifying and meeting the training needs of existing staff
• Ensuring employee welfare and employee relations are positive
• Ensure the working environment is safe for employees
• Raising awareness of current workplace legislation

The Human Resources Department also covers five key roles.

• Executive role – in this role the HR department are viewed as the specialists in the areas that encompass Human Resources or people management.
• Audit role – in this capacity the HR department will check other departments and the organisation as a whole to ensure all HR policies such as Health & Safety, Training, Staff Appraisal etc are being carried out in accordance with the company’s HR policy.
• Facilitator role – in this role, the HR department help or facilitate other departments to achieve the goals or standards as laid out in the HR policies of the organisation. This will involve training being delivered for issues that arise in the areas relating to people management.
• Consultancy role – the HR department will advise managers on how to tackle specific managing people issues professionally.
• Service role – in this capacity the HR department is an information provider to raise awareness and inform departments and functional areas on changes in policy.

ចេះតែសរសេរទៅ

ពេលវាលាចេះតែកន្លង រីឯរូបខ្ញុំនឹងសរសេរ ព្រោះខ្ចិលគិត ហើយមិនដឹងសរសេរពីអ្វី។

។ចង់បង្កើតគំនិត វិជ្ជមានឲ្យខ្លួនឯង​​ 
ការរកការងារធ្វើ មិនមែនមួយថ្ងៃឬមួយខែបានឯណា  ។   ខ្ញុំខំរៀនអស់រយៈពេលពីរបីឆ្នាំនេះ ខ្ញុំត្រូវទទួលខុសត្រូវចំពោះខ្លួនឯង នឹងអនារគតខ្លួនឯង។   កុំអាលរារែកនឹងជីវិត ត្រូវចាប់ពីការងារដំបូងទៅ  ឬពីមធ្យមទៅកុំភ្លេចថា ការងារបង្រៀនមនុស្ស។

រាត្រីសួស្តី!!!!

Do the right things; do the things right

A statement: Managers do the things right when leaders do the right things. 
1. Do the things right: follow the rules or instruction
2. Do the right things: means you do sth according to your moral compass, society norm, or yr religion value.

However, according to http://www.timesjobs.com/candidate/careerresources/htmls/thingright.jsp, it stated that "Doing the right things means planning a desired outcome for each action. Doing things right means to stretch and do your best and leave the results to turn out the way they will."
source: http://www.timesjobs.com/candidate/careerresources/htmls/thingright.jsp

Diplomats Told Not to Interfere Or Support Opposition

Diplomats Told Not to Interfere Or Support Opposition
by Zsomber Peter
Source: The Cambodia Daily.
With the ruling CPP and opposition CNRP both claiming victory in Sunday's national election and official results pending, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs yesterday called on all foreign displomatic missions not to interfere in the country's internal affairs, and not to support the opposition.

In a brief statement, the Foreign Affairs Ministry mentioned no names but urged all countries not to back the CNRP.

"The spokesman of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation wouldl like to urge foreign diplomatic missions not to play a role to support the opposition party," it said.

"Without prejudice to their privileges and immunity, it is the duty of all persons enjoying such privileges and immunities to respect the laws and regulations of the receiving state," the ministry said.
"They also have a duty not to interfere in the internal affairs of the state," the ministry added.

The Foreigh ministry statement followed by the U.S. State department's call for an investigation into election day irregularities, which echoed a similar request by the CNRP. Japan, anther major donor to Cambodia, also backed calls for an investigation into irregularities in a statement yesterday.

While the U.S. and European Union have held back on a final assessment of the poll, China, a one-party state that does not have general elections, and Hugary are the only two countries thus far to expressly endorse the election as free, fair and transparent.

The International Conference of Asian Political Parties and Centrist Asia Pacific Democrats International, which sent 291 election observers at the request of NEC, and whose expenses were paid for by the govt, has done the same.

5 Things That Will Make Your Interviewer Hate You

By Catherine Conlan
Monster Contributing Writer
Source: http://career-services.monster.com/yahooarticle/5-things-make-interviewer-hate-you#WT.mc_n=yta_fpt_article_5_things_make_interviewer_hate_you


You probably know most of the interviewing tips that can help you forge a connection with a potential employer. Now it’s time to learn some of the things you must avoid in an interview to ensure the interviewer doesn’t end up hating you by the end of it.

These things really do happen. Just make sure they don’t happen to you.

1. Jump at the chance to trash your former boss. “An interviewer will dislike you if you respond to the question, ‘What advice would you give your former boss, if asked?’” says Lee Evans, CEO and career coach at Free-Job-Search-Websites.com, adding that this is a trick question. “The interviewer will interpret your negative response as the answer you might give when asked about a manager at the interviewing company. It's also a test of your ability to respond appropriately to sticky questions. Your interviewer and prospective employer will side with your former manager, and view you as difficult to deal with.”

Instead: Keep your responses professional and watch for trick questions.

2. Tell the interviewer what you would change. Sometimes interviewers will ask you what you might change about a prospective employer, and it can be an opportunity to bring out some ideas you might have. But keep it constructive, and wait until they ask, says Ronald Kaufman, author and executive coach. “Telling them things you would change about their company is arrogant and implies you might be a disruptive employee,” Kaufman says. “As an outsider, you don’t know my needs, my budgets, my problems, and telling me what you would change is a major turn off.”

Instead: Wait to offer suggestions until the interviewer asks for them, and even then, keep them brief and constructive while stressing that you know you don’t have all the information.

3. Comment on your interviewer’s appearance. Whether you like the way your interviewer looks or not, keep it to yourself. Even “well, you look nice today” is inappropriate, according to Evans. Commenting on how people look when you’ve just met them can be a signal that you aren’t concerned with social boundaries or are rude. Comments about appearance are on the “interviewer’s red flag list,” Evans says.

Instead: 

Keep social commentary to a minimum, and stick to safe and general topics, such as the weather or traffic, before you get into the interview.

4. Denigrate the organization you’re applying to. Even when you want the job, it’s possible that things you say make it sound like you think you’re better than what the company deserves. “If you make it appear as though the organization where you are applying is not up to speed in terms of technology or that its facility is lacking, you will alienate the interviewer,” says Cheryl Palmer, a career coach. “You need to give the interviewer reason to believe that you are the best person for the job and that you really want to work there.”



Instead: Find ways to talk about how you’ll be a good fit for the company, rather than implying you’re a superhero for offering to help the organization out of a jam.



5. Show up late. It’s a killer, no matter why it happens. Showing up 10 minutes early is a common interview tip, but its importance cannot be overstated. “Tardiness shows one of two things: disrespect or poor planning, both of which are nonstarters for most hiring managers,” says Michael “Dr. Woody” Woodward, an organizational psychologist and author of “The YOU Plan.” Showing up late sets the tone for the rest of the interview, and you’ll have to be at the top of your game to come back from such a setback.

Instead: Make sure you’re early to your interview.


Interviewers aren’t looking for reasons to say “no,” but things you do can annoy them enough that you lose your chance at the company. Do what you can to make sure they don’t hate you.

រឿងគួរតែចាំទុក!!!!

មានអ្នកដែលតេទៅហើយមិនឆ្លើយ តមមកវិញក៏មិនតប ឃើញសារហើយមិនតប តើនេះជាឥរិយាបថអ្វីទៅ? តើនេះសមជាការរាប់អានគ្នាអត់? Feeling "yab".

Self-thinking

រឿងខ្លះ យើងចង់គេចវេសណាស់   តែមិនអាចគេចបាន។។។​ Self-thinking.

PM demands rice reports be verified

PM demands rice reports be verified

Contamination rumours 'undermine' credibility

Source: http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/politics/360010/pm-attacks-media-for-rice-quality-reports

Media outlets should verify any allegations about contamination of packed rice before publishing them to avoid undermining the credibility of Thailand's rice supply, says Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra.

Ms Yingluck's plea on Monday followed speculation, mostly online, that packed rice had been contaminated with chemicals used to kill bugs.
The government is concerned such unconfirmed reports would cause public panic and a lack of trust in the government's ability to ensure food safety, she said.
She insisted not all Thai rice was exposed to contamination.

Photos like these, bolstered by both rumours and reports by online media such as Facebook, have quickly caused a drop in confidence with the quality of Thai rice. (File photo)

"Rice farming is the country's core business and Thai grains have enjoyed a good reputation. A problem may occur sometimes but it doesn't mean the entire industry is affected," she said.
"Please be fair. Sometimes the problem is a one-time mistake such as a broken package. Don't assume it is happening to the entire industry."
Ms Yingluck said action will be taken against people who spread unverified reports. She noted some packed rice producers have already taken legal action to protect their reputation.
The prime minister's deputy secretary-general, Thawat Boonfueng, said Monday the government had ordered the Rice Department to sample the state's rice stockpile for testing.
He said the prime minister was concerned about the alleged contamination of the government's rice stocks.
Meanwhile, Democrat MP for Phitsanulok Warong Dechgitvigrom called on the government to face up to the allegation that the state's rice stocks were not all clean.
Mr Warong claimed some unscrupulous people had slipped bad grains into the government rice stocks.
He originally planned to show how to hide bad grains in rice stocks at Government House Monday but postponed it to tomorrow when the government spokesman team comes back from the mobile cabinet meeting in the Northeast.
Mr Warong said the practice is taking place and it is hurting the government's efforts to release its massive rice stockpile.
"The government should 'cut open' the warehouses and take out the grains for testing," he said.
Former finance minister Thirachai Phuvanatnaranubala urged the government on Monday to amend regulations to prevent irregularities in government-to-government (G-to-G) rice deals.
In a post on his Facebook page, Mr Thirachai said that based on anti-graft agency findings, the G-to-G rice deals had been exploited to allow some local traders to buy cheap rice without having to take part in rice auctions.
The National Anti-Corruption Commission sub-committee looking into the G-to-G rice purchases suspects irregularities in the scheme after it found some 1,460 cashier's cheques had been issued for payments, some of them for as little as 80,000 baht.
Mr Thirachai said in a G-to-G transaction, the government representatives will visit foreign countries and persuade them to buy Thai rice.
When deals are closed, shipments are delivered and payments made, usually involving a sum of several hundred million baht.
"[In this case] it looks to me as if some people who claim to represent foreign governments are here outside the warehouses to buy the rice," Mr Thirachai said.
"I am asking Deputy Commerce Minister Yanyong Phuangrach to amend the regulations to not allow rice purchases to take place in front of warehouses, to shut down the possibility for corruption."

Word-list today

            More important than anything else

1. The most important

Eg. Presently, the most important thing I must do is to hunt for a job.

Eg. 30^th of June is the most important day of my life.

2. Main/ principal/ chief

Eg. What was the main purpose of your visit?

Eg. Clothes are the principle export of Cambodia.

3. Above all : use this to emphasize that what you are going to say is more important than the other things you have mentioned.   

Eg. Keeping him in prison is pointless, expensive, and above all it’s completely unfair.

4. Major (adj) only before non] one of the most important things- use this especially when there is a small number of really important things but a large number of less important things.

Eg. Drinking is a major causes of lung cancer.

Eg. It is the Chief Executive who makes all the major decisions.

5.  Basic (adj) use this about sth that you need more than anything else, esp in order to do sth or in order to live.

Eg. The five hierarchy of needs of Maslow are foods, safety and family, reputation....

6. Biggest (adj) the biggest decision, problem, event etc is the most important decision that you have to make, the most serious problem you have to deal with.  

Paper and its uses

 

1000 years ago a Chinese artist painted the picture on their paper books.

How much paper do you use every year? Probably you can't answer that question quickly. In 1900 the world's use of paper was about on kilogram for each person in a year. Now some countries use as much as 50 kilograms of paper for each person in a year. The amount of paper a country uses shows how far advanced the country is, some people say. It is difficult to say whether this is true: different people mean different things by the word 'advanced'. But countries like the US, Britain, Japan, Germany and Sweden certainly use more paper than other countries. 

Paper, like many other things that we use today, was first made in China. In Egypt and the West, paper was not very commonly used before the year 1400. The Egyptians wrote on papyrus; Europeans used parchment for many hundreds of years. Parchment was very strong; it was made from the skin of certain young animals. We have learnt some of the most important facts of European history from records that were kept on parchment.

The Chinese first made paper about 2000 years ago. China still has pieces of paper which were made as long ago as that. But Chinese paper was not made from the wood of trees. It was made from the hair-like parts of certain plants. 

Paper was not made in southern Europe until about the year 1100. Scandinavia- which now makes a great deal of the world's paper-did not begin to make it until 1500. It was a German named Schaeffer who found out that one could make the best paper from trees. After that, the forest countries of Canada, Sweden, Norway, Finland, and the United States became the most important in paper making. Today in Finland, which makes the best paper in the world, the paper industry is the biggest in the land. New paper-making machines are very big, and they make paper very fast. The biggest machines can make a piece of paper 300 metres long and six metres wide in one minute. 

When we think of paper, we think of newspaper, books, letters, envelopes, and writing paper. But there many other uses. Only half of the paper that is made is used for books and newspapers, etc. 

Paper is very good for keeping you warm. Houses are often insulated with paper. You have perhaps seen homeless people asleep on a large number of newspapers. They are insulating themselves against the cold. In Finland, where in winter it is sometimes- 40 Centigrade, the farmers wear paper boots in the snow. Nothing could be warmer. 

Each year, more and more things are made of paper. We have had paper cups, plates, and dishes for a long time. But now we hear that chairs, tables, and even beds can be made of paper. With paper boots and shoes, you can wear paper hats, paper dresses, and paper raincoats. When you have used them once, you throw them away and buy new ones.

The latest in paper seems to be paper houses. There are not small houses for children to play in, but real, big houses for people to live in. You can put one up yourself in a few hours, and you can use it for about five years.  (For an example of paper house, you can look at this page http://twofriarsandafool.com/2009/01/people-who-live-in-paper-houses/)

People have made paper boats, but they have not yet made paper planes or cars. Just wait- they probably will. 

 

A paper-making machine

VOcab: 
1. Papyrus- material on which the Egyptians wrote long ago; it was made from a grass-like plant which grows near water. 
2. Parchment- material once used for writing on; it was made from the skins of certain animals.
3. industry- this usually means the use of machines to make things in great quantities. The paper industry includes all the work of producing paper, from cutting down the forest trees to selling the finished paper.
4. Insulate- use some material which does not allow heat to pass and to be lost. 
5. Boots- footwear covering the feet (like shoes) and also part of the legs.

Source: REading for Adults: Book I, Author: R. D. Lewis. Publish Year: 1971 by Longman Group Limited.
   
 

Feeling

So free and bored now. waiting for the format checking and everyday, i do nothing.

anyway, I am invited to a library service quality survey tmr.
bye

The lost beauty of Angkor Wat

Since 1975 the country that we used to know as Cambodia has been called Kampuchea. 

The Khmer people have lived around Tonle Sap- the great lake of Kampuchea- for many centuries. The planted rice fields and lived on fish from the lake. In the ninth century there were probably more Khmers there than there are people in the whole of Kampuchea today. They were hard-working and clever, and their rulers became very powerful. 

Between 860 and 900, the khmer kings built a new capital to the north of Tonle Sap. The new capital, Angkor Thom, was built in the shape of a square. Each of the outside walls was about 3 kilometres long . And about 1 half kilometers to the south of the capital, they built the temple of Angkor Wat. 

In the twelfth century, the Khmers were very powerful, and ruled over an enormous area. But as the years passed, some of their neighbours became even more powerful. In 1431 the armies of the king of Ayuthia (Thailand) took Angkor Thom and carried away most of its treasures. The Khmers were attacked by other enemies, too, and they were forced to leave Angkor Thom. 

Kampuchea is a hot country where it rains often, and so the forest grows very quickly. After the Khmers left their old capital, the temples were left empty and nobody took care of the buildings. The jungle grew up around the temple buildings, and soon the trees completely covered the buildings. The temples were hidden, and the world forget them.

In the middle of the nineteenth century, the French came to Kampuchea. Villagers sometimes talked about old buildings that were lost in the jungle. A French archaeologist was interested in these buildings, and he found a man who could lead him to them. So the beautiful temples of Angkor Wat were discovered again. The jungle was cleared, and the great buildings could be seen again.

At one time archaeologists supposed that the Khmer kings built Angkor Wat for the worship of the Hindu god Brahma. But now many archaeologists believe that its purpose was the worship of Buddha. But now many archaeologists believe that its purpose was the worship of Buddha. It is difficult to be sure which is true, because there were both Hindu and Buddhist rulers in south-east Asia at the time when Angkor wat was built. Also , the religion of the ruler was not necessarily the religion of the rest of the people, so there were several different religions in the area at the same time. 

The Khmers were very fine artists. In their carvings they mixed Hindu and other Indian gods with their own Kampuchean gods. At Angkor Wat they added figures of people and of real and impossible animals, and scenes from ancient stories. There are thousands of these carvings in stone of various colours, mostly brown. By day, the brown of the stone, the greens of the jungle, and the blue of the sky make a fine picture. At night, beautiful Kampuchea dancers sometimes used to dance in the temples in the moonlight. 

It used to be possible to take a plane from PP , the capital of Kampuchea, and fly to Siem Reap, a village not far from the temples. From the air the great lake and the enormous jungle around it could be seen. Then the buildings of Angkor Wat suddenly appeared below. Many visitors used to come to see the wonderful buildings with their fine carvings.

But the terrible facts of war have stopped the visitors to this lovely place. Since the early 1970s, the Angkor area has been controlled by the North Vietnamese, and Kampuchea has been almost completely closed to visitors from outside since 1975. Very few people have been to the Angkor Wat temples since that time. Reports say that these fine buildings were damaged in the fierce fighting in the area. The temples stand empty now, and the jungle is growing up around them. 

Will Angkor Wat be forgotten again? 
Source: REading for Adults: Book I, Author: R. D. Lewis. Publish Year: 1971 by Longman Group Limited.

Working with a Theory X manager

Working with a Theory X manager can be too frustrating. It is advisable on the part of employees to avoid a direct confrontation with them. Since Theory X managers are only result-oriented, employees should be very clear about what they can achieve. The subordinates should be ready with accurate and relevant information since Theory X managers are very particular about facts and figures. Theory X managers generally are unconcerned about subordinates' problems and so any approach regarding such issues is a futile exercise. 

Theory X managers want people to deliver the goods. In case the subordinates feel that the goals set are unrealistic, they should justify their stand in a constructive manner rather than questioning them.

The essence of working effectively with Theory X managers is to have a clear focus and to come to an agreement on the results and deadlines. If the subordinates consistently show good performance, the managers may allow them more freedom. The subordinates should also realize that Theory X manager may be under pressure from his superiors to be so due to the short-term demands of the organization. If the subordinates understand how to cope up with such managers, they can achieve their goals as well as those of the organization.

I feel worry (negative feeling)

My friend, vutha, has finished everything but I am not yet. I am the one who left behind.
WHY I DO everything so slow?  and it is still unacceptable.

I am not good at speaking. I am nervous when facing the public.

I have no girlfriend. I am not charm. Am I not good enough to be loved (I can't get a laid :() > bad feeling.

The most worry I feel the most is how to get a job after I graduate. It is still real problem and the same problem that I gonna face.

I admire my friend, Samphors, who got a lot of experience in doing work. I feel great for him. He is helpful, honest, and reliable person. I got work experiences in many places (unlike me) in in several places since he was in Cambodia. However, a person is good at one thing but another thing. So to say, he can't finish his project on time. I don't know what problem with him why he still cannot go to collect the data. does he still problem with Ajarn Thanawat? is his researching tool not good enough? Though he passed his proposal defense two months ago, his process seems no progress. What THE HELL?

words can be simple or great depending on what you speak

ผมอยาก มอบของที่ระลืกให้อาจาร

ผมอยากมอบของเล๊กๆน้อยๆให้อาจารยที่ ช้วยผมมาตาลต

กับ  ผมอยากให้ของขวัญ อาจารนะคับ

Pheak you spend day and night uselessly . what the mean of it. you must try yr best

Pheak you spend day and night uselessly . what the mean of it. you must try yr best

I Want to be a clear-decision making person

Sundays at Tiffany's by James Patterson

When my son, Jack, was four, I had to make a trip to Los Angeles. I asked him if he was going to miss me.
"Not so much," Jack told me. "You're not going to miss me?" I said. Jack shook his head, and he said, "Love means you can never be apart." I think that's the basis on which this story was built, and I suppose that it revolves around a belief that nothing is more important in life than giving and receiving love. At least, that has been my experience.

And so, this is for you, Jack, my wise son, with much love. And for Suzie-your mom, my best friend and wife, all in one.

And, finally, for Richard Dilallo, who helped tremendously at a key point in the development of the final story.

-J.P. 
   

I feel depressed when listening to the record, Diary 25th 4 2013.

I feel unhappy when I am defeated by the defense on 21th April 2013. I was defeated due to the not proper preparation. I didn't read from Ch.1 to Ch3 again. I am ashamed of my English speaking, the way that I express my ideas. So shit. so hate myself.

but I have be strong, use this failure as motivation to lead myself move forward.

Sopheak. 

Plz Gods helps me.

I feel that i am ready to defense, but there is one obstacle that i have to deal with is Ajarn Thanawat . He asks me to discuss sth that seem difficult and eccentric for me.

Diary Writing

If I got a thousand good friends, I would write a thousand letters to them. In those letters, I will write about my daily problems I face. I would state those things in a very detail and articulate way. I won't be exhausted in writing it, just hope that I would get good advices, encouragement from them. Oh gosh!!!

Hope I would be able to win those challenges. coz I believe that miracle can happen. coz I believe that when I win/ successfully deal with those challenges , I will be more stronger, and more mature. Like the word "Challenge the challenges". 

An interesting news and also useful for improving your English

Source from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/mar/05/cambodian-activist-overturn-conviction

Cambodian activist in attempt to overturn conviction

Rights groups criticise 'veritable death sentence' against Mam Sonando for speaking out against controversial land grabs

• Kate Hodal

• guardian.co.uk, Tuesday 5 March 2013 07.48 GMT

Activists believe Cambodia's prime minister, Hun Sen, has targeted Mam Sonando as an example to others ahead of elections in July. Photograph: Rolex Dela Pena/EPA

A Cambodian journalist has launched an appeal to overturn a 20-year jail sentence for allegedly masterminding an insurrection. Rights groups have called it a "veritable death sentence" against the ageing activist for speaking out against land grabs.
Mam Sonando, 72, was found guilty in October of leading a secessionist plot in Kratie province, where villagers were protesting against evictions for a rubber plantation.
Despite not being in the country at the time of the protest, Sonando, who owns the independent Beehive Radio, is believed to have upset the authorities by broadcasting a complaint accusing Cambodian authorities of crimes against humanity because of forced evictions. Activists claim the treatment of Sonando is being used as a warning to other protesters to not criticise the government.
Land rights are a highly sensitive issue in Cambodia as land ownership was abolished under the communist Khmer Rouge, leaving small-scale farmers vulnerable to land grabs, mining and real estate projects as fast-paced economic development has swept over the country.
Nearly three-quarters of the country's arable land has been transferred in so-called "economic land concessions" to private companies, according to the international campaign group Global Witness, usually without consultation or compensation. Local activists estimate that more than 400,000 Cambodians have been evicted from their farms or homes since 2003.
With protests often resulting in jail terms and police brutality – figures from Global Witness show that twice as many people were arrested in land disputes in 2012 as the year before – villagers have become more and more desperate in their stand against the government: some are threatening a collective suicide in front of Cambodia's supreme court if it rules in favour of the agricultural company that evicted them, according to the Cambodian Centre for Human Rights (CCHR).
"The country's land-grabbing crisis has already seen an area the size of Wales handed over to companies and it's getting worse," says Oliver Courtney of Global Witness. "The authorities must revoke Sonando's conviction, end their harassment of land and forest defenders and stop selling land out from under the feet of the Cambodian people."
Local activists believe that Sonando, who holds both French and Cambodian citizenship, was targeted specifically by the prime minister, Hun Sen, as an example to others before national elections in July, in which Hun Sen and two relatives will be running for office.
"As more and more people start to fight back [against the land grabs], the powerful respond by cracking down on villagers and people like Mam Sonando who are prominent and have a lot of influence on public opinion," says Ou Virak of CCHR.
"The decision to charge [Sonando] was on the order of the PM, and his conviction was also on the order of the PM. The PM rules this country through fear and to continue ruling, he must continue to create fear."
Local reports claim that Sonando's supporters have also been targeted by the authorities for owning or displaying "Sonando calendars", which show the number of days the activist has been jailed. But many turned out on Tuesday to support his appeal in the capital, Phnom Penh, where they waved placards calling for the activist's release.
Sonando's case has drawn widespread international criticism, with the US, the EU and the UN, as well as various international human rights groups, including Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, calling for his immediate release.
However, activists believe it is highly unlikely that his appeal will be successful, says Ou Virak, who cites land disputes, as well as the July election, as reasons why the government would be loth to overturn his conviction.
Hun Sen has ruled Cambodia since 1979 and famously stated that he would not stand down until the age of 90. Sonando's hearing continues on Wednesday.

Policy and Implementation

Case Study

            In general knowledge, policy is like a statement of objective or goal, and an implementation need such a goal in order to judge whether that implementation is successful or failed.

            The policy of the project in Oakland is to increase the employment rate among minority group. Therefore, the govt has established a policy that the govt will provides budget (financial support) to any facility which promises to create jobs for the minority group. 

            The government provides 3 million- budget to Oakland. If any company has ability to create jobs for minorities, that company will be able to get the loan from the government.

            If the company agrees with the condition, he will get the financial support to construct the factory. When a factory is established, it would need a lot of human labors.  Then the minorities will be provided jobs to do; as the result, the unemployment rate among the minority group will be decreased. Therefore, the govt’s platinum goal will be achieved.

            In contrast, if the company doesn’t agree with the govt’s condition, the construction will be halted resulting in no new jobs for the minority group.

            So to say, the policy is like a system that requires the each element of the process to be implemented so as to achieve the objective of the policy. If any of the elements cannot be implemented, the policy will not be successful.       

 Summarized by Sopheak.